Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, exterior facade

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, Coffeehouse, exterior facade

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen

Shaykh Shibli shrine – al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen

Shaykh Shibli shrine - al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen

Shaykh Shibli shrine – al-Tar mountain, south -east of al-Mayadeen

Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view of courtyard towards west

Aleppo, Khan as-Sabun, view of courtyard towards west

Ghuta of Damascus, an alley in one of the villages

Ghuta of Damascus, an alley in one of the villages

A group of domed houses in the village of Shaykh Hilal

A group of domed houses in the village of Shaykh Hilal

View of wall in danger of collapse, after partial collapse of lower part in Bayt Ghazala (house), Aleppo, Syria

Fig.45-b_wall in danger of collapse

The general structure of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon) before the end of the construction process

The general structure of the example dome house in Taanayel (Libanon) before the end of the construction process

Main fassade of Jamiʿ at-Tawashi mosque (video)

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b_Simulation of collapse mechanisms

Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.

Sirjilla, andron, 5th c.

View of wall pillar in danger of collapse, after partial collapse of Bayt Ghazala (house), Aleppo, Syria

Fig.45-a_Wall pillar in danger of collapse

Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle

Jaʿbar castle, southern side of the castle

Busra - Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Busra – Southern Roman Bath (al-Hammam ar-Rumani al-Janubi)

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

Jamiʿ al-Utrush, bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

View of wall in danger of collapse, after partial collapse of lower part in Bayt Ghazala (house), Aleppo, Syria

Fig.45-b_wall in danger of collapse

Aleppo's Great Mosque, renovation of the north entrance in 2018

Aleppo’s Great Mosque, renovation of the north entrance in 2018

Hammam Bahram Basha, the dome of the inner part (juwwani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, the dome of the inner part (juwwani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, the hot section (juwwani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, the hot section (juwwani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, dome of the cold section (barrani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, dome of the cold section (barrani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, plant motifs above the main entrance

Hammam Bahram Basha, plant motifs above the main entrance

Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani)

Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani)

Courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

Courtyard, Jamiʿ an-Nuri (mosque), Homs

House in Bahsita, , bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

House in Bahsita, , bevelled wall corner with a Muqarnas console

View from east to the cella of Bel Temple

View from east to the cella of Bel Temple

Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani) after the destruction

Hammam Bahram Basha, the cold section (barrani) after the destruction

Ash-Shaykh Hasan Mausoleum

Ash-Shaykh Hasan Mausoleum

Maps of Aleppo: functional zoning in the ancient city, 1982

Maps of Aleppo: functional zoning in the ancient city, 1982

Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3a_collapse mechanism, cracks in the plane of the facade